در فناوری های مرسوم جذب کربن دی اکسید، برخی اشکال ها و محدودیت ها از جمله پایین بودن سطح انتقال جرم وجود دارد. بنابراین ضروری است که یک فناوری نوین برای جذب ارایه شود که این محدودیت را نداشته باشد. استفاده از موج فراصوت فرکانس بالا، روشی است که با اتمیزه کردن حلال قطره های بسیار ریزی را تولید می کند. این قطره ها سطح بیش تری برای فرایند انتقال جرم فراهم می کنند. به همین منظور در این پژوهش، جذب به کمک موج فراصوت با فرکانس بالا انجام گرفت. نتیجه ها بیانگر آن بود که نرخ جذب کربن دی اکسید در آب در توان 64/8 وات، در مقایسه با حالت بدون تابش موج فراصوت تا 20 برابر افزایش یافت. همچنین برای مقایسه با سایر روش ها، یک همزن مغناطیسی جایگزین مبدل فراصوت شد. در این شرایط ضریب انتقال جرم به کمک فراصوت به تقریب 4/4 برابر بیش تر از همزن مغناطیسی شد که نشانگر عملکرد بهتر موج فراصوت نسبت به همزن است.

در این مقاله، نانوذرات طلا به روش شیمیایی تهیه شده است. خواص اپتیکی این نانوذرات توسط طیف جذب مرئی- فرابنفش، روش روبش-z و طیف سنجی رامان مطالعه شده است. همچنین با استفاده از روش طیف نگاری گاما، ضریب تضعیف جرمی گاما در انرژی های مختلف برای نانوذرات تهیه شده، محاسبه شده اند. طیف جذب مرئی- فرابنفش این مواد، پیک جذبی در محدود 530 نانومتر را نشان می دهد. ضریب شکست غیرخطی و ضریب جذب غیرخطی در شدت 40 میلی وات توسط لیزر نئودیم یگ پیوسته با طول موج532 nm به کمک چیدمان دریچه بسته و باز روبش-z به ترتیب از مرتبه 10-8 cm2/w و 10-4 cm2/w به دست آمده اند. به کمک طیف سنجی رامان ارتعاشات شبکه بررسی شده است. اندازه گیری های انجام شده، نشان دهنده تاثیر پرتودهی گاما بر ضریب تضعیف جرمی گاما و خواص اپتیکی نانو ذرات طلا می باشد.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the Improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of access to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing planning. Access to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of urban services on the Improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

یکی از روش های کاهش اندازه تجهیزهای انتقال گرما، افزایش ضریب انتقال گرما جابه جایی سیال پایه است. هدف از این پژوهش تولید گرافن آب دوست و بررسی پتانسیل استفاده از آن در بهبود ضریب انتقال گرما در سامانه آب و اتیلن گلایکول در چرخه سرمایش است. گرافن با استفاده از روش الکتروشیمیایی تولید و پایداری آن درون آب به وسیله بارگذاری نانوذره های سیلیکا افزایش یافت. گرافن تولید شده با آزمون های XRD و FT-IR و تصویرهای SEM و TEM بررسی و تولید موفق آن تأئید شد. درصدهای وزنی گوناگون از گرافن سیلیکا تولید شده شامل 25/0، 5/0، 75/0، 1 و 5/1% به سیال آب/اتیلین گلایکول افزوده شد تا بهبود ضریب انتقال گرمای جابه جایی توسط این نانوسیال در دستگاه آزمایشگاهی طراحی شده، مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. داده های تجربی به دست آمده برای عدد ناسلت و افت فشار در سیال آب خالص محاسبه و با مدل های موجود در این زمینه مقایسه شد و مشخص شد که سامانه به خوبی قادر به پیش بینی نتیجه ها است. سامانه با استفاده از نانوسیال دارای درصدهای گوناگون از گرافن سیلیکا مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و مشخص شد که با افزودن 1% وزنی نانوذره به سیال پایه ضریب انتقال گرمای جابه جایی حداقل 40% بهبود یافته است؛ این در حالی است که میزان افت فشار ناشی از حضور نانوذره ها نیز حدود 30% افزایش نشان داد. به طور کلی نتیجه های این پژوهش پتانسیل استفاده از نانوسیال آب/اتیلن گلایکول/گرافن سیلیکا را برای استفاده در تجهیزهای انتقال گرمای پشتیبانی می کند.

یکی از روش های کاهش اندازه تجهیزات انتقال حرارت، افزایش ضریب انتقال حرارت جابه جایی سیال است. هدف اصلی از این پژوهش طراحی و تولید نوعی نانوسیال بر پایه آب و اتیلن گلایکول است. بدین منظور ابتدا گرافن با استفاده از روش الکتروشیمیایی تولید و ساختار آن توسط طیف های واپاشی پرتو ایکس (XRD)، تبدیل فوریه فروسرخ (FTIR) و تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) و میکروسکوپ الکترونی انتقالی (TEM) مورد بررسی و تأیید قرار گرفت. با استفاده از درصدهای وزنی مختلف از نانوگرافن شامل 25/0، 5/0، 75/0، 1، 25/1 و 5/1% نانوسیال آب/اتیلن گلایکول/گرافن تولید گردید. سدیم دو دسیل سولفات (SDS) به عنوان فعال کننده سطحی جهت بهبود پایداری گرافن درون سیال پایه استفاده شد. سامانه آزمایشگاهی طراحی شده شامل لوله مارپیچ با دمای دیواره ثابت و مجهز به کنترل کننده دبی و نشانگر دما و فشار بود. عدد ناسلت و افت فشار برای آب خالص توسط سامانه آزمایشگاهی اندازه گیری و با مدل های تجربی موجود در این زمینه مقایسه گردید و مشخص شد که سامانه به خوبی قادر به پیش بینی نتایج است. ضریب انتقال حرارت جابه جایی، عدد ناسلت و نرخ انتقال حرارت با استفاده از سامانه مذکور برای آب/اتیلن گلایکول با نسبت وزنی 60 به 40 و نیز نانوسیال با درصدهای مختلف از گرافن در دبی های مختلف بررسی گردید. نتایج مشخص ساخت که با افزودن 1% وزنی گرافن به سیال پایه ضریب انتقال حرارت جابه جایی حدود 50% افزایش می یابد در حالیکه افت فشار نیز حدود 50% افزایش نشان می دهد. در نهایت یافته های این پژوهش پتانسیل استفاده از سامانه آب/اتیلن گلایکول/گرافن را در تجهیزات سرمایشی/گرمایشی مورد تأیید قرار می دهد.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the Improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the Improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life Improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.